The Industrial Revolution, 1760s-1860s
- What do you think it was?
- Where did it start?
- Why did it start?
The Industrial Revolution, 1760s-1860s
What was it?
Where did it start?
Why did it start?
A transformation in society due to new technologies surrounding textiles, coal fired steam engines, and factories.
United Kingdom
Coal & Wages
Changes in Agriculture: 17th & 18th Centuries
Capital-Intense Agriculture
Enclosure of the Commons
Shrinking Tenancy & contract lengths
Threshing Machine (1786)
Outcome of Agricultural Changes
- Pushing agricultural workers out of the countryside.
First Area of Mechanization: Textiles
Putting out System
Flying Shuttle (1733)
Spinning Jenny (1765)
Waterframe (1769)
Textile Outcomes
- Creation of centralized manufacturing: Factories
- Putting out system destroyed
- More pressure on countryside
Coal & Steam: A Transportation Revolution
Newcomen Steam Engine (1712)
James Watt Steam Engine (1765 / 1776)
Steamships (1816)
Coal & Passenger Trains (1820 & 1830)
Major Changes
- Urbanization
- 1850: 50% of British population in cities
- Growing Middle Class
- The Professional Classes: from doctors and lawyers to small and very large business owners
- Growing Working Class
- Generally unpropertied: 3/4 of deaths in Paris left nothing to heirs
Time & Work-Discipline
- Pre-Industrial Revolution Time Management.
- The Timepiece and the Factory
- Work-Discipline
Next Week:
- New Work and Political Patterns