The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution, 1760s-1860s

• What do you think it was?
• Where did it start?
• Why did it start?

The Industrial Revolution, 1760s-1860s

What was it?

Where did it start?

Why did it start?

A transformation in society due to new technologies surrounding textiles, coal fired steam engines, and factories.

United Kingdom

Coal & Wages

Changes in Agriculture: 17th & 18th Centuries

Capital-Intense Agriculture

Enclosure of the Commons

Shrinking Tenancy & contract lengths

Threshing Machine (1786)

Three field system and the commons

Three field system and the commons

Three field system and the commons

Threshing Machine in 1881

Outcome of Agricultural Changes

• Pushing agricultural workers out of the countryside.

First Area of Mechanization: Textiles

Putting out System

Flying Shuttle (1733)

Spinning Jenny (1765)

Waterframe (1769)

Paintin of a spinner holding her raw yarn

Flying Shuttle

Spinning Jenny

Water Frame

Textile Outcomes

• Creation of centralized manufacturing: Factories
• Putting out system destroyed
• More pressure on countryside

Coal & Steam: A Transportation Revolution

Newcomen Steam Engine (1712)

James Watt Steam Engine (1765 / 1776)

Steamships (1816)

Coal & Passenger Trains (1820 & 1830)

Gif of Newcomane steam engine

Watt Steam Engine

Photo of the SS Great Britain: a Steam Ship

Illustration of an early train in 1825

Major Changes

• Urbanization
  • 1850: 50% of British population in cities
• Growing Middle Class
  • The Professional Classes: from doctors and lawyers to small and very large business owners
• Growing Working Class
  • Generally unpropertied: 3/4 of deaths in Paris left nothing to heirs

Time & Work-Discipline

• Pre-Industrial Revolution Time Management.
• The Timepiece and the Factory
• Work-Discipline

Next Week:

• New Work and Political Patterns