Renaissance, Part II

Recap:

  • Where did cultural production take place in the Medieval Period?
  • What was Humanism?
  • How did it organize history?

The Renaissance Part II

  • How is Brotton’s Renaissance different from Nauert’s?
  • What are the limits of Nauert’s definition?
  • How is Brotton’s definition broader?

What Was the Renaissance?

More than Humanism: A New Definition?

  • Large states with growing bureaucracies
  • Intense state competition driving intellectual, architectural, and artistic innovation
  • Dramatic cross-cultural interactions around the globe.
  • All interconnected with humanist learning.
  • Outcome: cultural production moves to courts of kings and princes.

Changes to Society

  • Growing Trade in 14th and 15th centuries
  • Ottoman conquest of Constantinople (1453)
  • Growing Centralized States
  • Growing International Competition

Growing Trade in 14th and 15th Centuries

Increasing Trade (1200-1300s)

Banking, Finance, and Commerce (1300s-1400s)

Money multiplier effect

Lending to States

Map of Hanseatic, Venetian, and Genoese trade routes in the 14th century

Image of early modern money lenders

Image of globe and coins: what is the money multiplier?

Image of gold coins

Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople (1453)

What did Brotton say about this?

Many Byzantines to Italy

Mehmed II (r. 1432-1481) and Constantinople/Istanbul A New Metropolis

Ottomans Conquer Mamluks (1517)

Map of Ottoman Conquests (1359-1856)

Map of Ottoman Conquests (1359-1856)

Map of Ottoman Conquests (1359-1856)

Map of Ottoman Conquests (1359-1856)

Growing Centralized States

Ottoman Empire

France

Spain (Castile/Aragon)

Charles V (r. 1519-1556)

Map of Ottoman Conquests (1359-1856)

Map of France in 1400

Map of France in 1500

Map of Spain in 1400

Map of Spain in 1500

Map of Charles V’s Lands

A Whole New System

Europe in 1450

Europe in 1520

Map of European borders in 1450

Map of European borders in 1560

Growing International Competition

Ottoman Siege of Otranto (1480-1481)

The Italian Wars (1494-1559)

Ottoman Habsburg Wars (1526-1572)

Map Showing location of Otranto

Map Showing France in 1500

Map of Europe in 1560

Created Environment That Needed Humanism

Humanist Trained Bureaucrats

  • Nobility of the Robe vs the Sword
  • New Courtly Positions
  • Diplomats
  • Treasurers
  • Secretaries

Created Environment of Patronage

Moved Center of Culture from Universities to Courts

  • Medieval: universities / monestaries
  • Renaissance: princely courts
  • Authors and patrons
  • Artists, sculptors, builders considered craftsmen

Some Cross Cultural Examples

Sultan Suleiman (1520-1566)

Hagia Sophia

St. Peter’s Basilica

Bellinis’ St. Mark’s Basilica

Image of Suleiman’s Crown

Image of the Hagia Sophia

Image of St. Peter’s Basilica

Image of St. Peter’s Basilica